purolite ion exchange design calculation programs

21 Softening 1) The standard choice is 1 Purolite C-100 or C-100E. Purolite 520E is selective for nitrate over sulfate and all other common anions, thus all the capacity is available for nitrate removal. Where the water to be treated contains sulfate, this is removed preferentially, and nitrate capacity is reduced because the resin is loaded with sulfate. Nitrate is removed by strong base anion resins. Consequently many countries have placed their own limits to cover the quality of the potable water available. If the ion exchange load is high enough to utilize a substantial proportion of the available operating capacity, such as water treatment directly after demineralization, this is termed a working mixed bed.NITRATE REMOVAL: There is a recommended limit for nitrate in potable water published by the World Health Organization.

Where the inlet load is negligible, this process is termed 'polishing'. MIXED BEDS: Water can be purified to higher standards using a Working Mixed Bed or further purified after standard demineralization using Polishing Mixed Bed to remove any leakage remaining.

More complete demineralization requires the use of strongly functional resins and higher regeneration levels. Weakly functional resins can achieve partial demineralization with economical use of regenerants. DEMINERALISATION: Water can be demineralised by means of cation and anion resins in separate vessels. The program also includes permanent hardness removal by use of a strong acid cation resin, in the softening mode which is sometimes used in breweries. DEALKALISATION: Removal of hardness associated with bicarbonates (alkalinity) using a weak acid resin.

SOFTENING: Exchange of hardness ions for sodium ions. Purolite Ion Contents of help:ExchangeDesignCalculationProgram20 21 22 23 24 25 26 29 51 55 56 57 58 59 61 IX TreatedWaterTreatment 63 Design Calculation Mixed Beds Softening 64 Dealkalisation 65 Demineralization 66 Extra RAW Cycle WATER Time Choice Plant Treated Pressure Operating Conditions Design Operating Water Drop Working Conditions Mixed Mixed Water Analytical origin and of and Flow Beds Analysis Data pretreatment Rate Resin Regeneration Design Quality Calculation Beds Polishing ObjectivesWorking Polishing Nitrate Program Influent DesignMixed MixedBeds 67 Beds 68 Removal 69 Difficulty 70Water Process Water of BedData 71 Calculation 72 Options 73 Specifications 74 regenerants 75 Options 76 Options 77 OverrunNeutralization Dealkalisation Mixed62 Nitrate Removal 20 Water Treatment Select the type of process to be carried out in your plant.

Purolite ion exchange design calculation programs